What does "subcutaneous" mean in relation to medication administration?

"Subcutaneous" refers specifically to the administration of medication into the fatty tissue that lies beneath the skin. This route of administration is typically utilized for medications that require slow absorption into the bloodstream, such as insulin or certain vaccines. When a medication is given subcutaneously, it is injected into the layers of fat and connective tissue just below the skin surface, allowing for gradual diffusion into the vascular system.

This method is distinct from other routes like intravenous, which involves direct entry into the bloodstream, oral, which requires ingestion and absorption through the digestive system, and inhalation, which delivers medication directly into the lungs. Each of these methods has its specific indications and appropriate uses based on the intended effect, rate of absorption, and the condition being treated. The subcutaneous route is particularly advantageous when a steady and prolonged effect of the medication is desired.