What is the function of an antihyperuricemic drug such as allopurinol (Zyloprim)?

The function of an antihyperuricemic drug like allopurinol (Zyloprim) is primarily to reduce uric acid levels in the body, particularly for individuals suffering from gout. Gout is a type of arthritis characterized by high levels of uric acid, which can form crystals in the joints and cause painful inflammation. Allopurinol works by inhibiting xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in the production of uric acid, thereby lowering its levels and helping to prevent gout attacks.

Using antihyperuricemic agents is crucial for managing chronic conditions related to elevated uric acid levels, providing significant relief from pain and preventing the worsening of gout. Other options listed, such as muscle relaxation, tranquilizing effects, or targeting inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, pertain to different classes of medications and therefore do not align with the specific function of allopurinol. Understanding the specific action of allopurinol is essential for appropriate treatment planning for patients with conditions related to hyperuricemia.